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19-2998; Rev 1; 12/03
0.1GHz to 2.5GHz, 75dB Logarithmic Detector/Controller
General Description
The MAX2015 complete multistage logarithmic amplifier is designed to accurately convert radio-frequency (RF) signal power in the 0.1GHz to 2.5GHz frequency range to an equivalent DC voltage. The outstanding dynamic range and precision over temperature of this log amplifier make it particularly useful for a variety of base station and other wireless applications, including automatic gain control (AGC), transmitter power measurements, and received signal strength indication (RSSI) for terminal devices. The MAX2015 can also be operated in a controller mode where it measures, compares, and controls the output power of a variable-gain amplifier as part of a fully integrated AGC loop. This logarithmic amplifier provides much wider measurement range and superior accuracy compared to controllers based on diode detectors, while achieving excellent temperature stability over the full -40C to +85C operating range. o Complete RF Detector/Controller o 0.1GHz to 2.5GHz Frequency Range o Exceptional Accuracy Over Temperature o High Dynamic Range o 2.7V to 5.25V Supply Voltage Range* o Scaling Stable Over Supply and Temperature Variations o Controller Mode with Error Output o Shutdown Mode with Typically 1A of Supply Current o Available in 8-Pin MAX Package
*See Power-Supply Connections section.
Features
MAX2015
Applications
AGC Measurement and Control RF Transmitter Power Measurement RSSI Measurements Cellular Base Station, WLAN, Microwave Link, Radar, and other Military Applications
PART MAX2015EUA-T
Ordering Information
TEMP RANGE -40C to +85C PIN-PACKAGE 8 MAX
Functional Diagram
VCC 1, 4 POWER DETECTORS 2 50 INLO 3
INHI
7dB
7dB
7dB 20k
8 7
OUT
SET
PWDN
5
OFFSET AND COMMONMODE AMP
20k
MAX2015
6 GND
Pin Configuration appears at end of data sheet. ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim's website at www.maxim-ic.com.
0.1GHz to 2.5GHz, 75dB Logarithmic Detector/Controller MAX2015
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
VCC (Pins, 1, 4) to GND.......................................-0.3V to +5.25V SET, PWDN to GND....................................-0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) Input Power Differential INHI, INLO................................+23dBm Input Power Single Ended (INHI or INLO grounded).....+19dBm Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70C) 8-Pin MAX (derate 4.5mW/C above +70C) .............362mW Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40C to +85C Junction Temperature ......................................................+150C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65C to +150C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300C
Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(MAX2015 Typical Application Circuit (Figure 1), VS = +3.3V, fRF = 100MHz to 2500MHz, R1 = 0, R4 = 0, RL = 10k, TA = -40C to +85C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER POWER SUPPLY Supply Voltage VS R4 = 75 1%, PWDN must be connected to GND R4 = 0 Supply Current Supply Current Variation with Temp Shutdown Current CONTROLLER REFERENCE (SET) SET Input Voltage Range SET Input Impedance DETECTOR OUTPUT (OUT) Source Current Sink Current Minimum Output Voltage Maximum Output Voltage VOUT(MIN) VOUT(MAX) 4 450 0.5 1.8 mA A V V 0.5 to 1.8 40 V k ICC ICC ICC TA = +25C, VS = 5.25V, R4 = 75 TA = +25C TA = -40C to +85C VPWDN = VCC 4.75 2.7 17.3 17.3 0.05 1 20.5 mA/C A 5.25 3.6 mA V SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
2
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0.1GHz to 2.5GHz, 75dB Logarithmic Detector/Controller
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(MAX2015 Typical Application Circuit (Figure 1), VS = +3.3V, fRF = 100MHz to 2500MHz, R1 = 0, R4 = 0, RL = 10k, TA = -40C to +85C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER RF Input Frequency Range Return Loss Large-Signal Response Time RSSI MODE--0.1GHz RF Input Power Range 3dB Dynamic Range Range Center Temp Sensitivity when TA > +25C Temp Sensitivity when TA < +25C Slope Typical Slope Variation Intercept Typical Intercept Variation RSSI MODE--0.9GHz RF Input Power Range 3dB Dynamic Range Range Center Temp Sensitivity when TA > +25C Temp Sensitivity when TA < +25C Slope Typical Slope Variation Intercept Typical Intercept Variation RSSI MODE--1.9GHz RF Input Power Range 3dB Dynamic Range Range Center Temp Sensitivity when TA > +25C Temp Sensitivity when TA < +25C Slope Typical Slope Variation TA = +25C to +85C, PIN = -25dBm TA = -40C to +25C, PIN = -25dBm (Note 4) TA = -40C to +85C (Note 2) TA = -40C to +85C (Note 3) -55 to +5 60 -25 0.0033 -0.0138 18 -4.8 dBm dB dBm dB/C dB/C mV/dB V/C TA = +25C to +85C, PIN = -25dBm TA = -40C to +25C, PIN = -25dBm (Note 4) TA = -40C to +85C (Note 5) TA = -40C to +85C (Note 2) TA = -40C to +85C (Note 3) -65 to +5 70 -30 0.0083 -0.0154 18.1 -4 -97 0.02 dBm dB dBm dB/C dB/C mV/dB V/C dBm dBm/C TA = +25C to +85C, PIN = -25dBm TA = -40C to +25C, PIN = -25dBm (Note 4) TA = -40C to +85C (Note 5) TA = -40C to +85C (Note 2) TA = -40C to +85C (Note 3) -65 to +5 70 -30 +0.0083 -0.0154 19 -4 -100 0.03 dBm dB dBm dB/C dB/C mV/dB V/C dBm dBm/C SYMBOL fRF S11 PIN = no signal to 0dBm, 0.5dB settling accuracy CONDITIONS MIN TYP 0.1 to 2.5 -15 150 MAX UNITS GHz dB ns
MAX2015
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3
0.1GHz to 2.5GHz, 75dB Logarithmic Detector/Controller MAX2015
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(MAX2015 Typical Application Circuit (Figure 1), VS = +3.3V, fRF = 100MHz to 2500MHz, R1 = 0, R4 = 0, RL = 10k, TA = -40C to +85C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER Intercept Typical Intercept Variation RSSI MODE--2.5GHz RF Input Power Range 3dB Dynamic Range Range Center Temp Sensitivity when TA > +25C Temp Sensitivity when TA < +25C Slope Typical Slope Variation Intercept Typical Intercept Variation TA = +25C to +85C, PIN = -25dBm TA = -40C to +25C, PIN = -25dBm (Note 4) TA = -40C to +85C (Note 5) TA = -40C to +85C (Note 2) TA = -40C to +85C (Note 3) -45 to -5 40 -25 -0.0083 -0.0083 16.8 -8 -81 0.03 dBm dB dBm dB/C dB/C mV/dB V/C dBm dBm/C SYMBOL (Note 5) TA = -40C to +85C CONDITIONS MIN TYP -83 0.03 MAX UNITS dBm dBm/C
Note 1: The MAX2015 is 100% production tested at TA = +25C and is guaranteed by design for TA = -40C to +85C, as specified. Note 2: Typical minimum and maximum range of the detector at the stated frequency. Note 3: Dynamic range refers to the range over which the error remains within the stated bounds. The error is calculated at -40C and +85C, relative to the curve at +25C. Note 4: The slope is the variation of the output voltage per change in input power. It is calculated by fitting a root-mean-square (RMS) straight line to the data indicated by RF input power range. Note 5: The intercept is an extrapolated value that corresponds to the output power for which the output voltage is zero. It is calculated by fitting an RMS straight line to the data.
4
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0.1GHz to 2.5GHz, 75dB Logarithmic Detector/Controller
Typical Operating Characteristics
(MAX2015 Typical Application Circuit (Figure 1), VS = VCC = 3.3V, PIN = -10dBm, fIN = 100MHz, R1 = 0, R4 = 0, RL = 10k, VPWDN = 0V, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2015 toc01
MAX2015
OUTPUT VOLTAGE ERROR vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2015 toc02
OUTPUT VOLTAGE ERROR vs. INPUT POWER
fIN = 0.1GHz, TA = +85C NORMALIZED TO DATA AT +25C VCC = 3.6V
MAX2015 toc03
2.0 fIN = 0.1GHz 1.8 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1.6
3 2 1 ERROR (dB) 0 -1 TA = -40C TA = +25C fIN = 0.1GHz NORMALIZED TO DATA AT +25C TA = +85C
3 2 1 ERROR (dB) 0 -1 -2 -3
1.4 1.2 TA = +85C 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) TA = +25C TA = -40C
VCC = 2.7V VCC = 3.0V VCC = 3.3V
-2 -3 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 INPUT POWER (dBm)
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
INPUT POWER (dBm)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE ERROR vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2015 toc04
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2015 toc05
OUTPUT VOLTAGE ERROR vs. INPUT POWER
fIN = 0.9GHz NORMALIZED TO DATA AT +25C TA = +85C TA = +25C
MAX2015 toc06
3 2 1 ERROR (dB) VCC = 2.7V 0 -1 VCC = 3.3V -2 -3 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 VCC = 3.6V VCC = 3.0V fIN = 0.1GHz, TA = -40C NORMALIZED TO DATA AT +25C
2.0 fIN = 0.9GHz 1.8 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1.6
3 2 1 ERROR (dB) 0 -1
1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 -70 -60 -50 TA = +25C TA = -40C TA = +85C
-2 -3
TA = -40C
10
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
INPUT POWER (dBm)
INPUT POWER (dBm)
INPUT POWER (dBm)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE ERROR vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2015 toc07
OUTPUT VOLTAGE ERROR vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2015 toc08
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. INPUT POWER
fIN = 1.9GHz 1.8 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 TA = +85C
MAX2015 toc09
3 2 1 ERROR (dB) 0 -1 -2 -3 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 fIN = 0.9GHz, TA = +85C NORMALIZED TO DATA AT +25C
3 2 1 ERROR (dB) VCC = 2.7V 0 -1 -2 -3 VCC = 3.0V fIN = 0.9GHz, TA = -40C NORMALIZED TO DATA AT +25C
2.0
VCC = 3.6V
VCC = 2.7V
VCC = 3.0V VCC = 3.3V
VCC = 3.3V VCC = 3.6V
0.6 0.4 -60
TA = +25C TA = -40C -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10
10
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
INPUT POWER (dBm)
INPUT POWER (dBm)
INPUT POWER (dBm)
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5
0.1GHz to 2.5GHz, 75dB Logarithmic Detector/Controller MAX2015
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(MAX2015 Typical Application Circuit (Figure 1), VS = VCC = 3.3V, PIN = -10dBm, fIN = 100MHz, R1 = 0, R4 = 0, RL = 10k, VPWDN = 0V, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE ERROR vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2015 toc10
OUTPUT VOLTAGE ERROR vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2015 toc11
OUTPUT VOLTAGE ERROR vs. INPUT POWER
fIN = 1.9GHz, TA = -40C NORMALIZED TO DATA AT +25C VCC = 2.7V 1 ERROR (dB) VCC = 3.0V 0 -1 VCC = 3.3V -2 -3
MAX2015 toc12
3 2 1 ERROR (dB) 0 -1 -2 -3 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 TA = -40C fIN = 1.9GHz NORMALIZED TO DATA AT +25C
3 2 1 ERROR (dB) 0 -1 -2 -3 VCC = 2.7V VCC = 3.0V fIN = 1.9GHz, TA = +85C NORMALIZED TO DATA AT +25C
3 2
TA = +85C
VCC = 3.3V
VCC = 3.6V
TA = +25C
VCC = 3.6V
10
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
INPUT POWER (dBm)
INPUT POWER (dBm)
INPUT POWER (dBm)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2015 toc13
OUTPUT VOLTAGE ERROR vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2015 toc14
OUTPUT VOLTAGE ERROR vs. INPUT POWER
fIN = 2.5GHz, TA = +85C NORMALIZED TO DATA AT +25C
MAX2015 toc15
1.4 fIN = 2.5GHz 1.2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
3 2 1 ERROR (dB) fIN = 2.5GHz NORMALIZED TO DATA AT +25C
3 2 1 ERROR (dB)
1.0 TA = +85C
TA = +85C TA = +25C
VCC = 3.3V 0 -1 VCC = 2.7V VCC = 3.6V
0 -1 TA = -40C
0.8
VCC = 3.0V
0.6 TA = +25C TA = -40C 0.4 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0
-2 -3 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0
-2 -3 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 INPUT POWER (dBm) INPUT POWER (dBm)
INPUT POWER (dBm)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE ERROR vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2015 toc16
RF PULSE RESPONSE
RF INPUT VOLTAGE, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) fIN = 100MHz 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 -0.5 -1.0 RFIN (AC-COUPLED) VOUT
MAX2015 toc17
3 2 1 ERROR (dB) VCC = 3.0V 0 -1 -2 -3 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 INPUT POWER (dBm) VCC = 3.3V VCC = 3.6V fIN = 2.5GHz, TA = -40C NORMALIZED TO DATA AT +25C
2.5
VCC = 2.7V
TIME (50ns/div)
6
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0.1GHz to 2.5GHz, 75dB Logarithmic Detector/Controller
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(MAX2015 Typical Application Circuit (Figure 1), VS = VCC = 3.3V, PIN = -10dBm, fIN = 100MHz, R1 = 0, R4 = 0, RL = 10k, VPWDN = 0V, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
S11 MAGNITUDE
MAX2015 toc18
MAX2015
S11 MAGNITUDE
MAX2015 toc19
-10.0 -12.5 MAGNITUDE (dB) -15.0 -17.5 -20.0 -22.5 -25.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 VCC = 3.3V, 3.6V VCC = 2.7V, 3.0V
-10.0 -12.5 MAGNITUDE (dB) -15.0 -17.5 -20.0 -22.5 -25.0 TA = +85C TA = +25C TA = -40C
3.0
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
FREQUENCY (GHz)
FREQUENCY (GHz)
Pin Description
PIN 1, 4 2, 3 5 6 7 8 NAME VCC DESCRIPTION Supply Voltage. Bypass with capacitors as specified in the application drawing. Place capacitors as close to the pin as possible (see Power-Supply Connections section).
INHI, INLO Differential RF Inputs PWDN GND SET OUT Power-Down Input. Drive PWDN with a logic high to power down the IC. PWDN must be connected to GND for VS between 4.75V and 5.25V with R4 = 75 Ground. Connect to the printed circuit (PC) board ground plane. Set-Point Input. To operate in detector mode, connect SET to OUT. To operate in controller mode, connect a precision voltage source to control the power level of a power amplifier. Detector Output. In detector mode, this output provides a voltage proportional to the log of the input power. In controller mode, this output is connected to a power-control input on a power amplifier (PA).
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7
0.1GHz to 2.5GHz, 75dB Logarithmic Detector/Controller MAX2015
Detailed Description
The MAX2015 is a successive detection logarithmic amplifier designed for use in RF power measurement and AGC applications with a 0.1GHz to 2.5GHz frequency range from a single 2.7V to 3.6V power supply. It is pin compatible with other leading logarithmic amplifiers. The MAX2015 provides for improved performance with a high 75dB dynamic range at 100MHz, and exceptional accuracy over the extended temperature range and supply voltage range.
Applications Information
Detector (RSSI) Mode
In detector mode, the MAX2015 acts like an RSSI, which provides an output voltage proportional to the input power. This is accomplished by providing a feedback path from OUT to SET (R1 = 0; see Figure 1). By connecting SET directly to OUT, the op amp gain is set to 2V/V due to two internal 20k feedback resistors. This provides a detector slope of approximately 18mV/dB with a 0.5V to 1.8V output range.
VS R4 1 C6 C5 DETECTORS C1 RFIN 2 INHI 20k OUT 8 SET 7 R1 C2 3 INLO 20k GND 6 OUT VCC
RF Input
The MAX2015 differential RF input (INHI, INLO) allows for broadband signals between 100MHz and 2.5GHz. For single-ended signals, AC-couple INLO to ground. The RF inputs are internally biased and need to be ACcoupled using 680pF capacitors as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. An internal 50 resistor between INHI and INLO provides a good 50MHz to 3.0GHz match.
SET Input
The SET input is used for loop control when in controller mode or to set the slope of the output signal (mV/dB) when in detector mode. The internal input structure of SET is two series 20k resistors connected to ground. The center node of the resistors is fed to the negative input of the internal output op amp.
4 C4 C3
VCC
MAX2015
PWDN
5
Power-Supply Connections
The MAX2015 requires power-supply bypass capacitors connected close to each VCC pin. At each VCC pin, connect a 0.1F capacitor (C4, C6) and a 100pF capacitor (C3, C5) with the 100pF capacitor being closest to the pin. For power-supply voltages (VS) between 2.7V and 3.6V, set R4 = 0 (see Typical Apllications Circuits). For power-supply voltages (VS) between 4.75V and 5.25V, set R4 = 75 1% (100ppm/C max) and PWDN must be connected to GND.
Figure 1. Detector-Mode (RSSI) Typical Application Circuit
Table 1. Suggested Components of Typical Applications Circuits
DESIGNATION C1, C2 C3, C5 C4, C6 R1* R4** VALUE 680pF 100pF 0.1F 0 0 TYPE 0603 ceramic capacitors 0603 ceramic capacitors 0603 ceramic capacitors 0603 resistor 0603 resistor
Power-Down Mode
The MAX2015 can be powered down by driving PWDN with logic high (logic high = V CC ). In power-down mode, the supply current is reduced to a typical value of 1A. For normal operation, drive PWDN with a logic low. It is recommended when using power-down that an RF signal not be applied before the power-down signal is low.
*RSSI mode only. **VS = 2.7V to 3.6V.
8
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0.1GHz to 2.5GHz, 75dB Logarithmic Detector/Controller
Controller Mode
The MAX2015 can also be used as a detector/controller within an AGC loop. Figure 3 depicts one scenario where the MAX2015 is employed as the controller for a variable-gain PA. As shown in the figure, the MAX2015 monitors the output of the PA through a directional coupler. An internal integrator (Figure 2) compares the detected signal with a reference voltage determined by VSET. The integrator, acting like a comparator, increases or decreases the voltage at OUT, according to how closely the detected signal level matches the VSET reference. The MAX2015 adjusts the power of the PA to a level determined by the voltage applied to SET. With R1 = 0, the controller mode slope is approximately 19mV/dB (RF = 100MHz).
POWER AMPLIFIER
MAX2015
TRANSMITTER COUPLER GAIN-CONTROL INPUT IN
OUT SET-POINT DAC SET
LOGARITHMIC DETECTOR
20k
Layout Considerations
As with any RF circuit, the layout of the MAX2015 circuit affects the device's performance. Use an abundant number of ground vias to minimize RF coupling. Place the input capacitors (C1, C2) and the bypass capacitors (C3-C6) as close to the IC as possible. Connect the bypass capacitors to the ground plane with multiple vias.
20k
MAX2015
Figure 3. System Diagram for Automatic Gain-Control Loop
Pin Configuration
VS R4 1 C6 C5 DETECTORS C1 RFIN C2 2 INHI 20k OUT 8 SET 7 VOUT VSET VCC
TOP VIEW
VCC INHI INLO VCC 1 2 3 4 8 OUT SET GND PWDN
MAX2015
7 6 5
MAX
3
INLO
20k GND 6
Chip Information
4 C4 C3 VCC
MAX2015
PWDN
5
TRANSISTOR COUNT: 3157 PROCESS: BiCMOS
Figure 2. Controller-Mode Typical Application Circuit
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9
0.1GHz to 2.5GHz, 75dB Logarithmic Detector/Controller MAX2015
Package Information
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
8LUMAXD.EPS
4X S
8
8
INCHES DIM A A1 A2 b MIN 0.002 0.030 MAX 0.043 0.006 0.037
MILLIMETERS MAX MIN 0.05 0.75 1.10 0.15 0.95
y 0.500.1
E
H
0.60.1
c D e E H L
1
1
0.60.1
S
D
BOTTOM VIEW
0.014 0.010 0.007 0.005 0.120 0.116 0.0256 BSC 0.120 0.116 0.198 0.188 0.026 0.016 6 0 0.0207 BSC
0.25 0.36 0.13 0.18 2.95 3.05 0.65 BSC 2.95 3.05 5.03 4.78 0.41 0.66 0 6 0.5250 BSC
TOP VIEW
A2
A1
A
c e b L
SIDE VIEW
FRONT VIEW
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION TITLE:
PACKAGE OUTLINE, 8L uMAX/uSOP
APPROVAL DOCUMENT CONTROL NO. REV.
21-0036
1 1
J
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
10 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 (c) 2003 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.

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